Showing posts with label "rumours of a moral economy". Show all posts
Showing posts with label "rumours of a moral economy". Show all posts

Thursday, December 02, 2010

Fairness and Transparency in Short Supply

Another Moral Economy Column
By Christopher Lind
November 2010

I will never forget a story told to me by one of my students, a middle aged woman who had been married to a farmer for many years. They lived in rural Alberta. She needed to buy a new car so she went to the nearest town and discussed her needs with the salesman at the car dealership. When she came home she discussed her options and the prices with her husband. Her husband’s reaction was “Oh, that can’t be right. I’ll go talk to Fred myself”. The next day the husband talked to the same salesman at the same dealership and obtained a price $6,000 less than his wife had obtained the day before. His wife was furious. She had been deceived. The process of buying a car was neither fair nor transparent and all because of her gender.

Of course gender is not the only reason why a business transaction might be unfair. However, one has to wonder why any transaction would not be transparent except to hide some aspect of unfairness?

In Great Britain right now people are engaging in civil disobedience because education and welfare payments are being cut back. One of the parties in the governing coalition campaigned on the promise this would never happen. They were not transparent in their dealings and people complain the result is unfair.

In British Columbia, a protest movement has forced the legislature to hold a vote on the newly implemented Harmonized Sales Tax. Why do people hate the tax so much? Part of the anger is fuelled by the reality that the governing party campaigned on a promise not to raise taxes. Then, once elected, they brought in the HST which increased sales taxes on some items from 5% to 12%. Of course this happened in the middle of a major recession when most businesses had concluded they couldn’t increase prices by an equivalent amount. It wasn’t transparent and people conclude it's not fair.

Relationships on university campuses across Canada are becoming increasingly strained. The long term pressure is a lack of funding to match increasing enrollments. However, faced with that pressure many universities have engaged in behaviours that are neither fair nor transparent. For example, the underfunding of students has reached such a critical level that over 90% of Canadian universities now have food banks on campus. The University of Alberta has had one since 1991, now even the University of Lethbridge has one.

Hundreds of thousands of students rely on student loans to pay their tuition. The governments transmit these funds to the students through the universities who charge the students an administrative fee in turn. I know of one regional Canadian university who budgets almost a quarter of a million dollars annually to be received from these fees. Why should the poorest students be subsidizing the universities with borrowed money? These are the ones relying on food banks to eat. This practice is neither transparent nor fair.

If we want to build a moral economy we can start with some very simple requirements in our everyday transactions. Whether as a seller or a buyer, a worker or a manager, let’s start with a commitment to fairness and transparency.

Wednesday, October 13, 2010

Knowledge For All

Another Moral Economy Column
By Christopher Lind
October 2010

Yeah, yeah, yeah, the world is going to hell in a handbasket. So what can we do about it? This is one of the most challenging questions I hear. On the one hand the questioner agrees with me that things are deeply wrong. On the other hand they see the engine of destruction frozen in place and no mechanic in sight. What is to be done?

My own approach is two fold. On the one hand I focus on the moral values or ethical principles that have stood the test of time and have shown themselves to be reliable guides in stormy weather.

On the other hand I focus on the new possibilities that globalizing technology and new ways of thinking are making available. Take Wikipedia for instance. Wikipedia was only started in 2001 and as of January 2010 it was attracting 78 million visitors monthly to a site created by 91,000 voluntary contributors.

So Wikipedia is not only an online encyclopedia, it is also representative of a new way of solving problems, of forming community and of sharing knowledge. It is a mechanism for harnessing the power of the crowd.

One of the ways an unregulated market economy works is it allows for capital to find or develop monopoly situations which can be exploited until something breaks. One of those little situations involves the publishing of highly specialized but very important scientific journals. An example might be Nature, the most cited scientific journal. This year the University of California threatened to boycott the Journal because proposed subscription charges were going to increase 400%. In spite of the argument by Nature Publishing Group that they were simply trying to eliminate a historical discount benefiting UC and few others, the news resonated deeply with university librarians who had seen journal subscriptions increase in price faster than any other segment of their budget, often after journals were taken over by larger for-profit corporations.

A Canadian librarian from UPEI, Mark Leggott, is leading the rebellion. In his case the last straw was a science database subscription, Web of Science, which was increasing its price by 120%. His response, and the response of UPEI, was to cancel the subscription and then to organize an alternative based on the power of the crowd. The response is called “Knowledge for All” and it is being supported by the Council of Atlantic University Libraries. Knowledge for All is not a small project. The dream is to index all the world’s scholarly journals, which means something between 4 and 5 million separate articles annually, using an approach that could be called community driven, crowd sourcing or open source, or following a wikipedia model. It will save a lot of money too.

Librarians in PEI and elsewhere are saying the system is broken. However, instead of throwing up their hands, they are teaching themselves how to become their own mechanic. Relying on the shared frustration and shared ingenuity of the group, just like the farmers of yesteryear, they are proposing to build a brand new kind of co-op. It will be light on centralized administration and heavy on group participation. It directs the new globalizing technology to the service of the community and aims at Knowledge for All.

How cool is that?